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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa If you're a coffee enthusiast you're likely to know that different beans can produce different flavors. Learn about good coffee beans of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa. Excelsa beans are a variety of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter taste profile and are often utilized in blends of coffee for added depth. Arabica Arabica coffee beans comprise 75% of the world's production. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavor profiles. The aroma and taste of a particular coffee can vary significantly based on the growing conditions and methods of processing used to make it. The word “coffee” actually is derived from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were invigorated by eating the fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee grew rapidly across the globe. Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes and flourish in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is thought to be the most delicious kind of coffee. Many specialty coffee roasters and shops focus on sourcing their arabica beans ethically, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees, which can be used in a variety of brewing methods. Blending can be used to control the aroma, flavor and body as well as the acidity of the coffee and is usually preferred to create an even and consistent taste that appeals to a larger market. Robusta Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most common type of coffee bean grown in the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids may cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and may result in undesirable flavors. The plant is more resilient than the arabica, and can grow in less favorable environments. It can withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a more cost-effective crop to grow. Although it may sound contradictory it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's possible there's also some robusta. The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs and maintain the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, you should choose the highest quality beans from a reliable source. This can be achieved by purchasing your beans directly from the farmer. Liberica Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football, that makes them different from other coffee beans. They have an aroma that is floral, fruity and smoky. They are often paired with other coffee bean varieties to add the fuller, more robust flavor. Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and can withstand hot, humid climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta. These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. It is possible to purchase the seeds online from many sources, however it's best to buy locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions to grow Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils, with moderately acidic as well as sufficient annual rainfall. Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered to be a separate species but is now classified as a variation of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that grow on large 20 to 30 feet coffee plants that are located at medium altitudes. They have a distinctive taste that is both fruity and tart and has made them a sought-after choice in house blends. They have a less pronounced scent and a lower caffeine content that is lower than Arabica or Robusta but still have a distinctive depth of flavor. Excelsa Although they're the fourth-most popular type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually regarded as a different coffee plant species until 2006, when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's coffee production. The beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and have a dark, mysterious taste. They're typically used in blends to provide extra body and a full, tart, ripened fruit taste. Arabica beans are the most well-known, and are well-known for their the most delicious taste. They thrive in tropical and warm climates and at high altitudes. They also have a little of acidity. If they are brewed correctly and roast properly they can be flavored like chocolate, nuts or even fruit. Robusta is the second most-loved coffee around the world. It is responsible for 40% of the coffee consumed around the world. Robusta beans are rounder and smaller, yet contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have woody and earthy overtones. After having a better understanding of the four most commonly used types and their characteristics, it's time to choose your favorite brew. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor go for an arabica bean, or a blend consisting of robusta beans and arabica beans.